Structural Weld Cost

AWS D1.1 Inspection Report — Structural Handrail, 6 Fillet Welds

An OSHA-compliant handrail system on a warehouse mezzanine. Six fillet welds join 2″ Schedule 40 pipe posts to ¼″ base plates, SMAW E7018, specified ¼″ fillet size. Five welds passed. Weld W4 was rejected for continuous weld size under-run: the fillet leg measured 3/16″ instead of ¼″ over a 4″ run — exceeding the 2″ continuous-under-run limit per Cl. 6.9.5. A cover pass was added, and re-inspection accepted the weld.
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Weld Cost Breakdown — Generated by IronKit

Job Parameters

ProjectOSHA handrail system — warehouse mezzanine
InspectorThomas A. Nguyen, CWI
Date2025-12-01
WPS ReferenceWPS-H-002 (SMAW, AWS D1.1)
Base MetalA36 structural steel (pipe + plate)
FillerE7018 (5/32" SMAW electrode)
Joint TypeFillet
Service CategoryStatically Loaded
Total Welds Inspected6
Accepted5
Rejected1 (W4 — continuous weld size under-run)

Cost Breakdown

Cost ComponentFormula / BasisUnit CostTotal
Crack Prohibition (Cl. 6.9.1)All 6 welds — PASS$6.00$6.00
Fusion (Cl. 6.9.2)All 6 welds — PASS$6.00$6.00
Crater Cross Section (Cl. 6.9.3)All 6 welds — PASS$6.00$6.00
Weld Profile, Fig. 5.4 (Cl. 6.9.4)All 6 welds — PASS$6.00$6.00
Weld Size Under-Run (Cl. 6.9.5)W4 rejected: 3/16" leg over 4" continuous run (limit: 2")$5.00$6.00
Undercut (Cl. 6.9.6)All 6 welds — PASS$6.00$6.00
Porosity — Fillet (Cl. 6.9.8)All 6 welds — PASS$6.00$6.00
Total Direct Cost$0.00

Per-Unit Cost Summary

Total Welds6
Accepted (initial)5
Rejected1 (W4 — size under-run, 4" continuous)
Pass Rate (initial)83.3%
Overall DispositionREJECTED pending repair of W4
Corrective ActionCover pass added to W4 per WPS-H-002
Re-Inspection ResultACCEPTED — all 6 welds accepted
Code ReferenceAWS D1.1:2020 Table 6.1, Cl. 6.9.5

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the weld size under-run rule in AWS D1.1?
Clause 6.9.5 permits weld size to be under-run by up to 1/16" provided the under-run is not continuous for more than 2" in any 12" of weld length. W4 was 1/16" short for 4" continuously — this exceeded the 2" continuous limit, making it rejectable even though the per-inch magnitude was at the limit.
How do you fix a weld size under-run rejection?
The simplest fix is a cover pass (additional weld pass) to build the leg size to the specified dimension. The cover pass must follow the approved WPS. The re-inspection checks the final leg size with a fillet gauge.

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